File 01The complete reference

fuck.

The most censored word in English, printed in full and taken seriously. Where it came from, what it does to the brain, how the law treats it, and when you would be wiser not to say it.

Every claim is sourced. Nothing is asterisked, unless you ask for it.

fuck /fʌk/ verb, noun, adjective, adverb, interjection, infix

  1. verb To have sexual intercourse (with). c. 1475
  2. verb To ruin, damage, cheat or treat badly: the printer's fucked.
  3. verb, with off / up / about / with To go away; to fail; to waste time; to meddle.
  4. noun An act of intercourse; a contemptible person; the smallest unit of concern: I don't give a fuck.
  5. adjective / adverb (fucking) An intensifier with no literal meaning. 1528
  6. interjection Pain, anger, surprise, delight.

Origin uncertain; Germanic. Not an acronym. Earliest record 1310. Full entry · Etymology

Why this site is different

Uncut

The word printed in full, the way people actually use it. No asterisks, no "the F-word", no winking.

Sourced

Dictionary-grade: every date and claim traced to the OED, Sheidlower, peer-reviewed research or the statute book.

Useful

The only reference that tells you whether to say it. Pick the room and the listener, and get a verdict with reasons.

Safe for work, on demand

Reading at your desk? Press Censor at the top of any page and every instance is blacked out.

1310

Earliest solid record: a man named Roger Fuckebythenavele in a Chester court roll.

1972

The year the Oxford English Dictionary finally printed the entry, in a supplement.

0.5%

Roughly the share of everyday spoken words that are swear words, by Timothy Jay's estimate.

0

Number of kings who ever licensed fornication by consent. The acronym story is invented.

Can I say it here?

Tell it where you are, who can hear and how you would use it. It weighs the room, the listener, the law and the research, and stamps a verdict from Passed to Banned.

Get a verdict

From the evidence room

Photographs & documents

Charles 'Old Hoss' Radbourn in the 1886 Boston Beaneaters team photograph, giving the middle finger to the camera Exhibit A The first photographed middle finger, 1886 Title page of Francis Grose's A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785 Exhibit B The birth of the asterisk, 1785 Richard Nixon beside stacks of edited White House tape transcripts, April 1974 Exhibit C Expletive deleted, 1974 Cover of the 1959 Grove Press unexpurgated edition of Lady Chatterley's Lover Exhibit D Uncut at last, 1959–60
No. 01

Definition

Every sense, every part of speech, inflections and pronunciation. The dictionary entry.

No. 02

History

Germanic roots, a coded monk's poem, and two hundred years of dictionaries pretending it didn't exist.

No. 03

A to Z

Motherfucker to zero fucks: a glossary of every compound, phrase and abbreviation built on the word.

No. 04

Grammar

Verb, noun, adjective, adverb, interjection and, uniquely, infix.

No. 05

Around the world

Foutre, joder, ficken, kurwa, and how English fuck became a global loanword.

No. 06

Culture

Film, TV, music, books, comedy, politics, the press, sport, war and the internet.

No. 07

Why we use it

Pain relief, venting, bonding and honesty. What the neuroscience and psychology actually say.

No. 08

Why we shouldn't

Dilution, audience, children, work and the law. The honest case for keeping it in reserve.

No. 09

The law

Is swearing illegal in the UK? Obscenity trials, the Public Order Act, Ofcom and trademarks.

No. 10

Statistics

Who swears most, how often, what Ofcom found and which films hold the records.

No. 11

FAQ

Is it an acronym? Anglo-Saxon? Who said it first on TV? Short answers, with links to the long ones.

No. 12

Quiz

Fifteen questions. No prizes. Bragging rights only.